Japan was the first country to begin modernising its authorized system alongside western strains, by importing elements of the French, however mostly the German Civil Code. This partly mirrored Germany’s standing as a rising energy within the late nineteenth century. Bentham’s utilitarian theories remained dominant in law until the twentieth century.Definitions of law often raise the question of the extent to which law incorporates morality. John Austin’s utilitarian answer was that law is “instructions, backed by threat of sanctions, from a sovereign, to whom people have a behavior of obedience”.
On the King’s behalf, the Lord Chancellor began giving judgments to do what was equitable in a case. From the time of Sir Thomas More, the first lawyer to be appointed as Lord Chancellor, a systematic physique of equity grew up alongside the inflexible common law, and developed its own Court of Chancery. Over time, courts of equity developed solid …
